Modeling Unknown Values in Test and Verification

With increasing complexities and a component-based design style the handling of unknown values (e. g., at the interface of components) becomes more and more important in electronic design automation (EDA) and production processes. Tools are required that allow an accurate modeling of unknowns in combination with algorithms balancing exactness of representation and efficiency of calculation. In the following, state-ofthe-art approaches are described that enable an efficient and successful handling of unknown values using formal techniques in the areas of Test and Verification.